В статье предложены комментарии к двум работам Михаила Гефтера «Третьего тысячелетия не будет» и «Сталин умер вчера». Отмечается определенное совпадение взглядов автора и М. Я. Гефтера, касающиеся понимания истории и методологии истории. Обсуждаются несколько проблем, возникших при чтении указанных работ: понимание М. Гефтером истории как нескольких локальных историй с началами и завершениями, разные подходы к реконструкции личностей Ленина и Сталина, предложенное Гефтером объяснение логики русской революции. Намечается методология решения поставленных проблем, предполагающая анализ двух объектов: первый, Гефтер, изучающий историю России и ее героев (Ленина, Сталина и др.), и второй объект, автор данной статьи, анализирующий и осмысляющий работы Гефтера. Со Сталиным Гефтеру все ясно, прожитая жизнь вождя во всех его деяниях известна, к нему невозможно применить никаких определений, кроме негативных. Иное отношение Гефтера к Марксу и Ленину: он пытается организовать беседу с этими историческими субъектами. С точки зрения Гефтера, Ленин был близок к тому, чтобы признать, что мировой революции вообще не будет, она в той форме, которую ожидали, состояться не может. Автор высказывает предположение, что реконструкция Гефтера открывает перспективу разрешения тупика развития России: не революция, а эволюция, не унитарное государство, а федерация, продуманная и обеспеченная новым социальным порядком и законом. Последняя часть статьи - краткое историческое самоопределение автора. Он, используя материал личной истории и анализ жизни Эмануэля Сведенборга, намечает свое понимание истории и методологии истории, отмечая совпадения с взглядами Гефтера.
The article deals with the process of struggle of the Komsomol organization with opposition and alternative associations of youth in Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk) province in 1918 - 1928. The authors on the basis of archival materials from the State Archive of Modern History of the Ulyanovsk region, ego-documents and periodicals, introduced for the first time in the scientific turnover, touch upon the formation of the Komsomol movement in the region, reveal the peculiarities of its interaction with the party and law enforcement agencies in the fight against non-communist youth organizations. The work scrupulously analyzes the process of obtaining the Komsomol monopoly on the implementation of work with young people. In conclusion it is noted that in Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk) provincial Komsomol organization and its subordinate committees, despite the regularly arising difficulties, managed to establish at a high level of interaction with party structures and securing the support of law enforcement agencies to carry out the liquidation of all alternative and opposition youth organizations operating in the region, providing itself a monopoly position.
In 2025, the Department of Theoretical and Industrial Thermal Power Engineering (TPTE) of Voronezh State Technical University (VSTU) celebrates a significant date - 50 years since the first graduation. For this event it was decided to write a history of the department from the moment of its formation to the present day. This article, in our opinion, will be interesting to former graduates of the department, will raise their interest and pride for their “alma mater”. The article will be useful for modern employers, who will have to choose heat power engineering for their enterprise, as well as for applicants, who choose their future profession and the place of its obtaining.
The article shows that in recent years the Russian Federation has sought to pay more attention to the protection of its spiritual and moral values and cultural heritage. Under the leadership of Vladimir Putin, the country opposes attempts to forget and destroy its historical past and opposes manifestations of Russophobia. In addition, Russia actively supports efforts to preserve traditional family values. One of the key areas of Russia’s policy is the protection of Russian identity, Russian sport and the Russian Orthodox Church. Russia is ready to cooperate with all sane forces of the West and does not seek isolation from it. Moscow hopes that Western elites will someday realize the senselessness of confrontation and accept the concept of a multipolar world. It is necessary to abandon anti-Russian policy and the desire for U. S. dominance, which could have a positive impact on the security and well-being of Europe.
Every year the interest in software platforms for online learning among Russian customers continues to grow, which contributes to the activation of local companies specializing in the development of such systems. Recently, domestic manufacturers have started to actively promote their solutions for distance education, but it is premature to say that the market for such products in Russia has already been fully formed. This is confirmed by the fact that Russian companies often position their developments as unique, having no competitors in the domestic market. This situation is caused not so much by the desire to successfully promote their products as by the lack of studies that would analyze and compare Russian solutions in this area in detail. We hope that this article will help to change the current state of affairs.
The article examines the historical context and main provisions of the Cultural Agreement between India and Japan, concluded in 1957. The study attempts to consider the agreement as an independent historical source, an example of Eastern methods of “soft power” used to strengthen the position of one’s country. The author concludes that the agreement was necessary to strengthen foreign policy ties in the region, it provided benefits to each of the parties, and laid the foundation for further cooperation.
The article aims to reveal the understanding of war in Russian religious philosophical thought by Solovyov V., Dostoevsky F., Tolstoy L., Ern V., and others. It shows the contrasting views of Russian thinkers on war and its significance for the individual and society. War is a complex moral problem in Russian philosophy, and its very emergence coincided with a period of armed confrontation with Western European powers. Experiencing wars, Russian thinkers reflected on the historical destiny of Russia, on the moral preaching of the necessity of armed defense of the Motherland, on the Christian meaning of war, and on its dialectical contradictions.
The article deals with the specificity of Russia’s cultural and historical patrimony, which begins with a deep study of its Orthodox tradition. When we talk about the Orthodox culture of Russia, we mean not only the past, but also its modern state. The culture of modern Russia includes not only museum exhibits, vast book collections, and impressive architectural structures. Modern Russian culture is reflected in the language, observance of traditions, education system, respect for the older generation, priority of family values, patriotism and respect for other cultures and peoples.
The concept of “psychological tourism” is only beginning to gain popularity, mainly as a practical direction offered by travel agencies, individual psychological centers and event-organizations. Different interpretations of this concept, as a rule, are limited to the description of the content, without touching upon theoretical aspects and without providing a conceptual basis for this practice. The concept of “psychological tourism”, despite its apparent clarity, allows different interpretations: from a specific type of tourist activity to the field of psychological practice or their symbiosis. However, the characteristic features and specificity of PT, its methodological apparatus, mechanisms of therapeutic influence and its position in the system of psychological assistance require further elaboration. Within the framework of this article we intend to propose a working definition of “psychological tourism” as an applied tool of group psychological support, as well as to form a theoretical framework based on the integrative approach in psychology.
The conclusion of the Union Treaty on the formation of the USSR on December 30, 1922 at the first All-Union Congress of Soviets, which legally established the Soviet Union, was an important milestone that left a deep mark in world history. This act greatly influenced the formation of a strong and sovereign state that defended the interests of the working class and was widely recognized on the world stage. Regardless of individual perceptions of its significance, the enormous impact of the USSR on the course of historical events and the future cannot be ignored, otherwise it would be a clear distortion of reality. In this article we will examine in a concise and understandable form the factors and conditions that led to the formation of this state.