Статьи

Infrastructure development plays an important role in reducing poverty, assuring food security and sustainable development of a country. One of the key challenges hindering the economic growth of developing countries is the lack of proper transport, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and energy sector infrastructures. This research aims to examine the importance of transport, ICT and power sector in Ethiopia’s economic growth and identify the main challenges these sectors have been facing based on data obtained from different secondary sources such as websites of the World Bank and Trading Economics, official reports, and published works. Descriptive statistical analysis was implemented to describe the secondary data obtained, while graphs, tables, and charts were used to visualise the results. Despite the difficulties in establishing and sustaining necessary infrastructure, research indicates that the growth of Ethiopia’s economy is largely attributed to infrastructure development. Furthermore, year after year, progress has been made in each sector of development, though there are still obstacles to overcome. Poor quality of road, transport and ICT infrastructure have been key factors of poor development in the country. There is an imbalance between the power needed and the available power. Given Ethiopia’s abundance of resources, the country must continue to prioritise infrastructure development.

In 2018, China adopted the Environmental Protection Tax Law, transitioning from administrative fees to statutory taxes. The law aimed to incentivize enterprises to reduce pollution emissions through economic means, improve environmental quality, and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structures for economic development. This study seeks to reveal the mechanisms of the impact of environmental protection tax on regional economic effects, providing policy recommendations for achieving high-quality economic development and ecological environmental protection. The study analyses four key variables-environmental protection tax revenue, regional industrial output value, regional GDP, and regional industrial pollution control investment-from 31 regions in China between 2018 and 2022, forming a sample of 30 observations. A random effects model is constructed and empirically analysed using Python 3.12. The empirical results show that for every additional unit of environmental protection tax, the average expected growth of regional GDP is 0.1043 units. There are significant differences in the economic effects of China’s environmental protection tax on regions, and these differences have random effects. This study provides new insights and empirical evidence for understanding and evaluating the impact of environmental protection taxes on regional economic outcomes, helping policymakers assess current impacts and continue encouraging enterprises to adopt clean production technologies, improve energy efficiency, and promote economic structure optimization and industrial upgrading to support high-quality economic development.

This article analyses the sustainability of China’s economic growth in light of global challenges, focusing on macroeconomic changes in recent decades and their impact on the country’s economy. The study covers the period 1962-2022 and uses data from various sources, including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and national statistical data from the People’s Republic of China. Correlation analysis methods are used to assess the impact of socio-economic indicators on economic growth, revealing signi cant correlations between gross domestic product and various indicators such as external debt, urbanisation, technological development, and the standard of living. The main conclusion of the analysis is that economic diversi cation and investment in high-tech industries are crucial for maintaining sustainable growth in China. The ndings indicate the need for future research assessing the potential for reducing the environmental impact of industrialisation and improving social policies in a changing global economy.

The present paper develops an invariant ontology of strategic interaction in a sociotechnical system using game theory tools. In the course of the research, ontologies are considered tools for modelling sociotechnical systems, including tools for social and technical process integration. The demand for these tools derives from the need to integrate people into technical systems as equivalent and equal elements that exert both external and internal influence on the system. Such sociotechnical models have already been applied to describe enterprise information structures, but they lack a description of decision-making between the system elements within the strategic inter-action. As part of the solution to this problem, an ontology-based model of a sociotechnical system describing the interaction of both social and technical elements through game interaction is developed. Each of the participants in the interaction is described in terms of game theory, with the allocation of possible strategies and the corre-sponding winnings. Through the interactive entities within the game theory model, game interaction takes place between the participant and appropriate behaviour strategy selection. The model is a exible, scalable tool for building simulation models of sociotechnical systems. The results obtained will be tested when real sociotechnical systems are built, and the ontology will be re ned according to the results obtained.

Республика Мордовия - небольшая национальная республика, где уровень конфликтности среди различных субъектов можно охарактеризовать как низкий. При небольшом количестве СМИ цифровые источники информации занимают важное место в жизни граждан региона. Цель - проанализировать Telegram-канал Главы Республики Мордовия «Здунов здесь», который выступает для жителей Мордовии источником информации и коммуникации. Методом сплошной выборки проанализированы записи канала с 2022 г. (с начала его ведения). Использованы методы качественного и количественного контент-анализа, синтез и сравнение. Исследование тематики и содержания контента позволяет сделать вывод, что канал является современным источником информации, который может соперничать со СМИ. Информация канала формирует не только имидж Губернатора Мордовии как актора политики и субъекта медиаполя, но и репрезентует пространство и жителей самого региона, показывает его экономический, туристический потенциал. Через канал «Здунов здесь» формируется опосредованный диалог между властью и населением. Выявлено использование приемов первоочередности информации, креолизации медиатекста, эмоционального заражения, привлечение лидеров мнения, очевидцев событий. Установлено, что формирование положительного имиджа Главы Республики Мордовия включает следующие характеристики: работоспособность, профессионализм, компетентность, доброта и человечность, жесткость, общительность, физическое здоровье, молодость, энергичность, любовь к Родине, внимание к людям.

The issue touched upon in this article refers to the extraordinary use of innumerable metaphors in one of the greatest works by George Gordon Byron – Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Among literary devices it is especially metaphor that is peculiar to Byron’s linguopoetic thinking. The linguostylistic and linguopoetic methods of analysis help to bring out metaphor as an important device for Byron. Through metaphors he portrays his heroes, their feelings and thoughts and makes the reader feel his powerful flight of imagination. The author does not convince the reader to make the resulting points, but he makes him/her indirectly judge the heroes and understand situations. Thus, Byron’s metaphors are the result of his linguopoetic thinking. They give a certain charm and musical perception through plain words and word-combinations, and serve as a bridge between physics and poetics across temporal and spatial scale.

E-headlines play an important role in shaping our interest towards reading different online articles and news. There are a lot of strategies and techniques of attracting the readers’ attention and one of them is the use of emotionally colored words. The aim of the present paper is to define the characteristics of emotionally colored words as lexical phenomena and to analyze special emotional word colorings in English e-headlines that are deliberately used to make an immediate impact on the readers’ choice. The famous western electronic newspapers and magazines like “Time”, “The Telegraph”, “The Guardian”, “The New York Times” and “The Sun” make the source platform of the current investigation.

In this article I discuss the comparative method in formal linguistics when applied to word order phenomena in Italian, English and German. I argue that the comparison has to rest on sound theoretical basis in order to reach interesting conclusions. These languages might prima facie all look Subject-Verb-Object – SVO – languages, with some puzzling issues arising in German. At a closer look however, I will show that English and Italian pattern together as their basic word order – i. e., SVO – goes, as opposed to German, an SOV language. Conversely, English and German pattern together with respect to a property typical, even if not exclusively so, of Germanic languages, i. e. Verb Second.

В статье рассматривается опыт лаборатории «КОНСТРУКТОРиУМ» Омского государственного педагогического университета по созданию экосистемы инженерно-политехнического образования. Описаны основные направления и формы работы: TEXcommunity School, TEXcommunity Teacher, TEXcommunity Family. TEXcommunity School — это создание и расширение сети специализированных кружков для обучающихся учреждений дошкольного, основного, дополнительного, среднего профессионального и высшего образования; проведение мастер-классов и обучающих семинаров, турниров, олимпиад, игровых программ инженерно-политехнической направленности; организация работы профильных смен в пришкольных и выездных лагерях в период каникул. TEXcommunity Teacher — это проведение для педагогов учреждений дошкольного, основного, дополнительного, среднего профессионального и высшего образования мастер-классов и обучающих семинаров, диалоговых площадок, конкурсов профессионального мастерства, курсов повышения квалификации, стажировок; разработка и распространение учебно-методических материалов. TEXcommunity Family — это проведение для родителей мастер-классов, индивидуальных консультаций, экспертиз; организация семейных мероприятий, конкурсов, турниров инженерно-политехнической направленности.

The article presents the results of research on fractal (self-similar) graphs in relation to elastic computing. A characteristic feature of such graphs is their ability to unfold (increase dimensionality) and fold (decrease dimensionality). Two approaches to forming fractal graphs are considered: based on Kronecker product and fractal algebra. The interrelationship of algebraic operations of forming fractal graphs (linear graphs, grids, hypercubes, and trees) with tensor operations and tensor representation based on the integration of adjacency matrices and event vectors of elastic systems is presented. Definitions of corre-sponding types of dynamically changing tensors are introduced. An analysis of the properties of elastic fractal graphs and related tensor models is conducted

В статье исследуется роль подводной войны Германии в контексте стратегий и тактики Первой мировой войны. Рассмотрены ключевые аспекты, включая цели и последствия экономической блокады, организованной Великобританией, и ответные действия германского флота. Особое внимание уделено влиянию неограниченной подводной войны на нейтральные державы, что стало одним из факторов вступления США в войну. Анализируются темпы военно-морского строительства США, масштабное развитие конвойной системы и противолодочной обороны, обеспечившие успешную переброску американских войск в Европу. В статье приводятся статистические данные о количестве потопленных судов и их тоннаже, динамике потерь на морских коммуникациях, а также об изменении эффективности немецких субмарин под воздействием противолодочных мер союзников. Особо выделяются дипломатические шаги США, приведшие к прекращению подводной войны Германией и подписанию перемирия. На основе работ исследователей, которые основываются на архивных данных изучаемого периода, автор анализирует последствия подводной войны для итогов мировой войны, включая передачу германских субмарин союзникам и завершение военно-морских операций.

The present article is concerned with the complexity of the development of university students’ soft skills. The terms “hard” and “soft” skills refer to a number of industry-specific and non-industry specific skills that are widely discussed in professional and academic settings and are enclosed in competence-based system of university education in the Russian Federation. The complexity of the matter is shaped by a number of linguistic and non-linguistic factors presented and discussed within the article. As supporting evidence the author provides theoretical implications from the field of Second language acquisition, instructed second language acquisition, neuro-linguistics as well as the results of the author’s own research. The findings regarding the way university students view language learning process and strategies they choose build the objective ground for the author to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of naturalistic and synthetic language teaching approaches in regard with hard skills and soft skills’ development. The article suggests task-based language teaching and task-supported syllabus design as a potential solution to the contradictions and challenges outlined. The author then provides an example of a pedagogical task which can be built within a set university syllabus, supporting the suggestions made with description of the stages that the task can be broken into and rationale for each of them that would when put together guarantee university students’ soft skills development.