Научный архив: статьи

Для цитирования: Раренко М. Ringrow, H., Pihlaja, S. (eds) (2024) The Routledge Handbook of Language and Religion. Routledge. — 448 p. Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом. 2024;42(2):222-231. https://doi. org/10.22394/2073-7203-2024-42-2-222-231

The article reveals the reasons and prerequisites for the development of automobile transportation in the USSR and in the Kemerovo region in the late XIX century - early 1940-s. The article does not provide a historiographical review, as there are practically no works on this topic. Recently, there have been defended several PhD theses on the history of motor transportation, but almost all of them are devoted to the post-war period. This article shows mainly the reasons and prerequisites for the emergence and development of road transport in the interwar period. The main reason for the development of road transport was the development of industry, industrialization. Therefore, freight transportation was developed first of all.

The article shows that in recent years the Russian Federation has sought to pay more attention to the protection of its spiritual and moral values and cultural heritage. Under the leadership of Vladimir Putin, the country opposes attempts to forget and destroy its historical past and opposes manifestations of Russophobia. In addition, Russia actively supports efforts to preserve traditional family values. One of the key areas of Russia’s policy is the protection of Russian identity, Russian sport and the Russian Orthodox Church. Russia is ready to cooperate with all sane forces of the West and does not seek isolation from it. Moscow hopes that Western elites will someday realize the senselessness of confrontation and accept the concept of a multipolar world. It is necessary to abandon anti-Russian policy and the desire for U. S. dominance, which could have a positive impact on the security and well-being of Europe.

The period from the end of the Russo-Japanese War to the 1917 October Revolution was a time of political, economic, and cultural rapprochement between Russia and Japan. Moreover, this rapprochement was observed after the events of 1917 for several more years, since, during the Russian Civil War, Japan supported the anti-Bolshevik forces in the Far East.

The two countries entered the First World War as de facto allies; this alliance culminated in the Treaty of 1916. Its reflection in symbolic actions was also an element of this cooperation. In the years before the First World War, and, actually, during the war, hundreds of Japanese servicemen were given Russian awards. The article analyzes the composition of military personnel, what awards and for what merits were presented to the members of the Imperial House who did military service, diplomats, generals, as well as fleet admirals and naval officers, engineers, and divers.

After October 1917, Japan supported members of the White Movement and Admiral A. V. Kolchak for several more years. In addition, even more active support was provided to Ataman G. M. Semenov. For example, Japanese garrisons were stationed in Transbaikalia starting from the autumn of 1918, when he came to power there. Paradoxically, many Japanese officers and enlisted men were presented with Russian awards during the years of the Civil War, which fact is also confirmed in archival documents.

Три модели научной коммуникации, выделяемые Е. Г. Цурканом, а именно дефицита, диалога и участия, представляют собой традиционную модель взаимодействия фундаментальной науки и общества высокого уровня абстракции. На этом уровне выделяются два типа знания, а именно генерируемого академической наукой и представленного технонаукой. Я полагаю, что, используя некоторую версию феноменологического анализа, сосредоточенную на отдельном явлении, например повседневной практике в сфере искусственного интеллекта, можно выделить третий тип возможной коммуникации.

The paper is concerned with the numerical simulation of the coal gasification process in an entrained flow of high-temperature air-steam mixture. Due to the high initial temperature and the process staging, it is possible to obtain an efficient gasification process. The study aims to examine the stationary conditions of staged gasification process by using a mathematical model based on one-dimensional heat and mass transfer equations with combined submodels to describe physicochemical transformations. The simulation makes it possible to determine the boundaries of the transition from the “single-stage” to the “two-stage” gasification conditions and identify the most promising ones.

This publication constitutes a comprehensive account of the panel discussion entitled “Philosophical and Ethical Analysis of the Concepts of Death and Human Existence in the Context of Cybernetic Immortality” which transpired within the confines of the international scientific symposium “The Seventh Lemovsky Readings” held in Samara from March 28th to 30th, 2024. The aforementioned panel discussion, which congregated scores of erudite scholars representing preeminent research institutions across the Russian Federation, emerged as one of the cardinal events of the conference. Eminent Russian academics hailing from multifarious domains of knowledge engaged in a profound deliberation on the potentialities of cybernetic immortality, the conundrums associated with the transference of human consciousness and identity into the virtual realm, as well as the ethical and philosophical quandaries engendered by the transfiguration of the conceptualization of the notions of mortality and the natural life cycle. The roundtable delved into the technological feasibilities and perils of engendering digital doppelgangers, the preservation of individuality after corporeal demise, as well as the plausible ramifications of the technological modification of the human essence.

Представлено исследование произведений позднесоветского писателя Венедикта Васильевича Ерофеева (1938-1990) с целью определить на основе типов, количества и гибридных характеристик музыкальных отсылок, присутствующих в его творчестве, можно ли говорить о последовательном «музыкальном подтексте» как одной из ключевых его тем. Действительно, аналогично тому, что исследовали ученые в области религиозной и литературной тематики, страницы этого уникального автора насыщены скрытыми отсылками к нескольким популярным произведениям и фигурам российской, советской и международной музыкальной сцены. Методологически автор опирается на концепцию теории семиосферы Ю. Лотмана и намеревается воссоздать специфическую семиотическую атмосферу, в которой родились произведения Ерофеева, принимая во внимание также мемуары современников, критические материалы и биографию писателя. Междисциплинарный подход исследования связан с принципом диалога между литературными и художественными, музыкальными и семиотическими дискурсами. Среди многочисленных аллюзий в текстах автора можно в первую очередь выделить известные арии из опер и различные произведения классической музыки XIX и XX вв., которыми, несмотря на скромные средства и жизнь на обочине общества, Ерофеев был увлечен и тонким знатоком которых он являлся. Это было возможно в значительной степени благодаря советским радиопрограммам, в которых постоянно транслировалась подобная музыка, эти музыкальные мотивы интенсивно присутствовали в повседневной жизни людей брежневской эпохи. По многим свидетельствам, наряду с алкоголем, они были среди немногих составляющих жизни, способных скрасить серость тех лет. Основные объекты исследовательского интереса автора статьи - музыкальные образы, присутствующие в знаменитой поэме в прозе «Москва - Петушки» (1970) и в трагедии «Вальпургиева ночь, или “Шаги Командора”» (1985), а также в «Записных книжках» из сборника «Бесполезное ископаемое» (2001), в юношеском дневнике писателя «Записки психопата» (1956-1957) и в незавершенной ритмической прозе «Благая весть» (1962).

This paper studies the works of the late-Soviet writer Venedikt Vasilyevich Erofeev (1938-1990) with the aim of determining, based on the types, quantity, and hybrid characteristics of the musical references present in them, if it is possible to speak of a consistent “musical subtext” as one of the fils rouges in his creative writing. In fact, similarly to what has been investigated by scholars about the religious and literary domains, the pages of this author sui generis are scattered with hidden references to several popular works and protagonists of the Russian, Soviet, and international music scene. Drawing upon the methodological point of view on the conceptualization of Lotman’s semiosphere theory, the article intends to recreate the peculiar semiotic atmosphere in which Erofeev’s works were born, considering also memoirs of contemporaries, critical materials and a recent biography of the writer. The interdisciplinary approach of the research relates to the principle of dialogue between the literary and the artistic, the musical and the semiotic discourses. Among the manifold allusions in the author’s texts one can find famous arias from operas and various pieces of classical music from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, of which, despite his modest means and his life on the margins of society, Erofeev was a passionate and fine connoisseur. This was mainly possible thanks to Soviet radio programmes, which between the 1950s and the late 1970s constantly broadcast classical music and operatic arias: with their universal themes, celebrated heroes and vocal virtuosity these musical motifs were intensely present in the daily life of the Brezhnev era. According to a lot of testimonies, along with alcohol, they were among the few elements able to “shake out” the greyness and immobilism of those years, indelibly marking even the imagination of ordinary people. After a biographical contextualization of the author, the main areas of interest will be the musical elements present in the famous prose-poem Moskva - Petushki (1970) and in the tragedy Val’purgieva Noch’, ili “Shagi Komandora” (Walpurgis Night, or “The Steps of the Commander”, 1985). Secondly, some passages of the Notebooks from the collection Bespoleznoe iskopaemoe (Useless Fossil, 2001), of the writer’s youth diary Zapiski psichopata (Memoirs of a Psychopath, 1956-1957) and of the unfinished rhythmic prose Blagaja Vest’ (The Gospel, 1962) will be also taken into consideration.

Relevance. The interconnectedness of global financial markets implies that shocks in one region can have widespread implications. The recent geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and Western Europe, have significantly heightened Geopolitical Risk (GPR) and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU). Country-specific financial stability can experience ripple effects from these external sources of risk, indicating a direct link between geopolitical events and economic policy uncertainties that contribute to financial stress. Research Objective. This study examines the risk spillovers from Global Geopolitical Risk (GLGPR) and Economic Policy Uncertainty (GLEPU) to the country-wise Financial Stress Index (FSI) of the USA, China, and Russia. Our goal is to determine which of these giants demonstrates superior resilience in terms of financial stability against these external sources of risks. Data and Methods. Using Cross-Quantilogram (CQ), Partial-CQ and Recursive-CQ (R-CQ), we evaluate a weekly high-frequency data from 2000 to 2023 to identify patterns of these spillover effects. Results. Our findings indicate that GLGPR has mixed spillover effects on the USA’s FSI under varying market conditions, while the FSI shows long-term resilience to GLEPU. For China, GLGPR only boosts the FSI during long-term bullish markets, and GLEPU demonstrates pronounced adverse impact at the bullish market. In contrast, the Russian FSI reacts unevenly to both GLGPR and GLEPU, experiencing greater severity. Overall, the USA’s financial market exhibits the highest resilience to GLEPU, while the Chinese market demonstrates the greatest resilience to GLGPR. In contrast, the Russian financial market shows the highest exposure to these global risks. Conclusions. No previous empirical study has examined the financial stress response of these three globally powerful economies to external sources of risk such as GLGPR and GLEPU. Most of the previous research focuses solely on stock market returns or their volatility in relation to these risks, whereas we focus on a composite measure of stability that encompasses all four sectors of a financial market. Our research fills this gap, particularly in the context of current geopolitical tensions among these global players, making it highly relevant for both academics and policymakers.

Relevance. Similar to other countries, Indonesia’s economy was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially at the district and city levels. As the second-largest contributor to Indonesia’s GDP, East Java faced noticeable economic downturns. Industry, the region’s main economic sector, played a key role in these challenges, making it essential to evaluate all sectors from a regional economic perspective to navigate this turbulence effectively. Research objective. This study investigates the regional economy’s sectoral competitiveness in East Java, with a particular focus on the 17 sectors categorized by Statistic Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik-BPS) before and after COVID-19. Data and methods. The study relies on data from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS)). The dataset includes GDP information for 11 regions, namely 7 districts and 4 cities, in East Java from 2018 to 2022, covering the pre- and post-pandemic periods. Methodologically, the study employed Location Quotient (LQ) analysis and Mix and Share Analysis. LQ analysis was used to assess the concentration and comparative advantage of East Java’s regions. Mix and Share and Shift-Share analyses were applied to identify the competitive industries in specific regions and their advantages. Results. The findings show positive economic growth in most regions of East Java before and after the pandemic, except for two regencies that saw a decline. The study emphasizes the need to strengthen regional resilience at the village level using the Village Fund from the national budget. Conclusions. Regional stakeholders, central government interventions, and continued development of leading sectors are essential for mitigating the effects of COVID-19. According to regional economic theory, collaboration between the government and businesses is crucial for enhancing competitive advantage and increasing the number of leading sectors.

A graph G is splittable if its set of vertices can be represented as the union of a clique and a coclique. We will call a graph H a {splittable ancestor} of a graph G if the graph G is reducible to the graph H using some sequential lifting rotations of edges and H is a splittable graph. A splittable r-ancestor of G we will call its splittable ancestor whose Durfey rank is r. Let us set s=(1/2)(sumtl(λ)−sumhd(λ)), where hd(λ) and tl(λ) are the head and the tail of a partition λ. The main goal of this work is to prove that any graph G of Durfey rank r is reducible by s successive lifting rotations of edges to a splittable r-ancestor H and s is the smallest non-negative integer with this property. Note that the degree partition dpt(G) of the graph G can be obtained from the degree partition dpt(H) of the splittable r-ancestor H using a sequence of s elementary transformations of the first type. The obtained results provide new opportunities for investigating the set of all realizations of a given graphical partition using splittable graphs.