Статьи

Relevance. Strengthening fiscal decentralization is viewed as a crucial strategy to foster the economic development of Russian regions. Research Objective. The research aims to assess the potential impact of redistributing tax revenues, particularly VAT, among various budget levels. Data and Methods. The study employs regression analysis to investigate the correlation between the Gross Regional Product (GRP) of Russian regions and the expenditures of their consolidated budgets. A comparative analysis is also conducted, using data from the Federal Tax Service on VAT receipts to the federal budget and data from the Federal State Statistics Service on GRP and expenditure components of regional budgets from 2005 to 2021. Results. The research confirms the Russian government’s concerns regarding a possible increase in economic disparities if 40% of VAT is shifted to sub-federal levels. It reveals the negative impact that such a measure would have on specific regions. Instead, a more promising approach is to implement a special budgetary regime in select regions to stimulate their development. Conclusions. The study showcases adverse effects associated with transferring 40% of VAT to the sub-federal level. It proposes a mechanism to enhance fiscal decentralization in Russia, aiming to advance regional economic development, address economic disparities among regions, and offset any potential reduction in federal budget revenues.

Relevance. The development and implementation of advanced production technologies are the most important factors of economic growth and competitiveness in the modern economy. Predicting their dynamics, taking into account the spatial features of localization, is a difficult and time-consuming task. The spatial effects resulting from the impact of the surrounding territories play a significant role in the dynamics of advanced production technologies in the regions of Russia. Accounting for these effects is necessary when constructing scenario models in conditions of strong spatial heterogeneity of the studied processes. Traditional forecasting methods do not take into account spatial interdependencies and are not able to reflect the influence of surrounding regions on the development of technologies. Research objective. Assessment and scenario forecasting of the dynamics of advanced production technologies being developed in the regions of Russia using SAR models that allow taking into account spatial effects between regions. Data and methods. For scenario forecasting of the dynamics of advanced production technologies being developed in the Russian regions, taking into account spatial effects, a methodological approach was developed based on the modeling of the spatial log (SAR) of the processes of their development, autoregressive (ARMA) modeling and forecasting of the key factors of their dynamics. Taking into account spatial effects and heterogeneity, the proposed approach to modeling makes it possible to more accurately predict the dynamics of advanced production technologies in the Russian regions. Results. The developed methodological approach was tested to form predictive scenarios for the dynamics of advanced production technologies being developed in the regions of Russia. In particular, an inertial forecast scenario was developed, assuming the preservation of current trends in the dynamics of the technologies being developed, as well as two extreme possible scenarios - optimistic and pessimistic. With the help of the spatial SAR model, a significant influence of the number of research organizations on the volume of advanced production technologies generated was confirmed, and in the second group of regions, the influence of the number of technicians who conduct research and development was confirmed. The novelty of the study is to take into account the spatial features of the localization of the advanced production technologies being developed, as well as the spatial effects resulting from the impact of the surrounding regions on the creation of new technologies. This approach makes it possible to significantly reduce errors in the formation of forecast scenarios in conditions of significant spatial heterogeneity of the initial data. Conclusions. To intensify the generation of new technologies in the regions of the second group, it is necessary to attract personnel with technical specialties. The dynamics of the technologies being developed in the first group of regions with a powerful research potential are also influenced by the number of research personnel and the amount of attracted financial resources for fundamental and applied research. To increase the activity of these regions in the development of advanced technologies, it is necessary to form and develop relationships with the surrounding regions.

Relevance. Since regional markets are interconnected and influence each other, forecasting price changes for goods and services requires considering both time and location. Economic instability, shifting supply chains, and rising inflation expectations make this research especially relevant. Additionally, the growing need for quick responses to price fluctuations highlights the importance of adopting data-processing methods that enable near real-time analysis. Research Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze the spatial dependence of prices and the presence of brands within the context of cyclically fluctuating demand and supply across different price segments. Data and methods. This study utilized data provided by the online analytics service продажи. рф, which encompasses daily selling (registered) prices for 135 ice-cream brands across 84 Russian regions, spanning the period from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023. The analysis examined regional differences in ice cream prices and brand representation, as well as the spatial autocorrelation of prices, particularly in relation to seasonal demand fluctuations. Spatial autocorrelation was assessed using global and local Moran’s I indices, with spatial clusters identified based on these estimates. To explore the cyclicality of spatial autocorrelation, partial autocorrelation functions (ACF and PACF) were used, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. Results. The results of the analysis confirmed the differentiation of regions in terms of ice-cream brand representation, including variations across three price segments: Elite, Standard and Economy. We found a correlation between brand representation and regional population size, but no direct relationship with regional wage levels. Further analysis of individual brand prices and their spatial autocorrelation confirmed the hypothesized presence of spatial autocorrelation and demonstrated an increase in this autocorrelation over the study period. Examination of data cyclicality indicated that time series of average prices and global Moran’s I indices exhibited significant weekly cyclicality, while annual cyclicality was not consistently detected across all analytical methods and only emerged in the analysis of average prices. This suggests that seasonal variations in production and consumption volumes do not necessarily translate into corresponding seasonal fluctuations in prices or their spatial autocorrelation for all product groups. Conclusions. Spatial price dependence is not static; its level and dynamics are significantly influenced by product characteristics, underscoring the necessity of shifting from analyses of aggregate-price indices to analyses of individual product prices. A key methodological contribution of this study is the validation of findings previously observed with more aggregated data (year/month, product group) using highly detailed daily and brand-level data. This approach enhances forecasting accuracy by capturing the full scope of regional variations in consumer behavior.

The notion of f-statistical convergence in topological space, which is actually a statistical convergence’s generalization under the influence of unbounded modulus function is presented and explored in this paper. This provides as an intermediate between statistical and typical convergence. We also present many counterexamples to highlight the distinctions among several related topological features. Lastly, this paper is concerned with the notions of sf-limit point and sf-cluster point for a unbounded modulus function f.

В настоящем исследовании предпринята попытка показать, какое влияние может оказывать комментарий на формирование представлений о предшествующей философской традиции. Примером здесь выступает комментарий Симпликия на «Физику» Аристотеля и на фрагменты поэмы Эмпедокла. Выбранный отрывок хоть и мал по размеру, но весьма примечателен в отношении содержания и того, как с ним работает Симпликий. В плане содержания мы имеем здесь дело с одним из фундаментальных проблематичных сюжетов философии Эмпедокла о поочередном правлении Любви и Вражды. Но Симпликий добавляет к этому свое представление о философии Эмпедокла, продиктованное его желанием гармонизировать мнения всех языческих философов и поместить их в одну непротиворечивую схему. Симпликий хотел противопоставить что-нибудь набирающему силу христианству и показать, что вся греческая философия развивалась по определенному пути и не содержит внутренних разногласий. С одной стороны, Симпликий сохранил для нас очень ценный материал — довольно длинные разделы текста поэмы Эмпедокла. С другой — желая осуществить свою программу, Симпликий выбирал те фрагменты поэмы, которые хорошо в нее вписывались. Поэтому встает вопрос, должны ли мы учитывать контекст, в котором процитированы фрагменты, или просто вычленять из общего тела комментария нужные нам фрагменты поэмы Эмпедокла и рассматривать их независимо.

Alumina, modified with polyhexamethylene guanidine (Al2O3-PHMG), was suggested for simultaneous preconcentration and determination of food dyes using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Adsorption of synthetic dyes the Sunset Yellow (E110) and Ponceau 4R (E124) was studied; Al2O3-PHMG adsorbent extracted dyes in a wide range of acidity at pH 1-8. Synthetic dyes were quantitatively extracted at pH 1-2 and 5-6. The best adsorption capacity was observed at pH 1-2 and was 95 and 85 μmol g-1 for Sunset Yellow and Ponceau 4R, respectively. The maxima of bands in the diffuse reflectance spectra were at 470 nm (Sunset Yellow) and 510 nm (Ponceau 4R). An increase in the concentration of dyes on the adsorbent surface led to an increase in the intensity of the band in the diffuse reflectance spectra; this was used for their adsorption-spectroscopic determination. Limit of detection, calculated by the 3s-criterion, was 5 μg L-1 for Sunset Yellow and 7 μg L-1 for Ponceau 4R. The analytical range of dye concentrations was 0.02-10.0 mg L-1 for Sunset Yellow and 0.02-11.0 mg L-1 for Ponceau 4R. The relative standard deviation did not exceed 0.09 (n=10). The proposed method was tested for determination of Sunset Yellow and Ponceau 4R in soft beverages and jelly.

В исследовании оценивается влияние новостей о торговых санкциях, введенных в отношении России, в зарубежных СМИ с момента введения санкций до настоящего времени. Для этого разрабатывается индикатор новостей о санкциях – Sanctions news index (SNI), основанный на количестве публикаций на эту тему в социальных сетях.

Результаты исследования показывают, что SNI имеет предиктивную прогностическую способность и оказывает влияние на курс рубля с лагом в один день. Проведенный анализ подтверждает нашу гипотезу о том, что новость о санкциях начинает действовать с момента объявления, а не с момента официального введения санкций.

Применяется тестирование причинно-следственной связи Грейнджера для оценки доказательства предсказательной связи SNI с курсом рубля. Для этого было проанализировано 18875 новостей из 105 источников за период с 1.01.2013 г. по 31.10.2021 г.

Эмпирическая база исследования включает новости из изданий, аккредитованных агентством Bloomberg.

Recent geopolitical disagreements have caused tectonic changes in economic, technological and scientific ties between the North-South countries. Russia, as a country with the largest territory and substantial natural resources, found itself at the epicenter of these changes. Numerous sanctions adopted by the collective West after February 2022 created a new geopolitical reality, when Russia can rely only on its own intellectual and technological resources. In such external conditions, Russia will most likely be guided only by its national interests, with the climate agenda playing a secondary role. This research examines a conceptual model of transport mobility, when not the climate agenda, but technological development becomes the main dominant of development. The basis of such transport mobility is the existence of critical technologies and new economic mechanisms for their implementation. In this paper the possible implementation of such a new model is presented, in particular, on the basis of national-scale projects to create a country’s own technological base in the field of electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing, hydrogen fuel cell locomotives, and modern shipbuilding.

With the start of Western sanctions against Russia at the end of February 2022, numerous catastrophic forecasts have been made about the Russian economy by both Western and some Russian economic institutions. However, neither for 2022 nor for 2023 were these predictions vindicated. Multiple errors can be traced to both technical difficulties associated with making serious forecasts in a rapidly changing situation, the nature of model used, and ideological or political bias. Even some Russian institutions demonstrated forecasting errors. The massive economic growth that started in Russia in the second quarter of 2023 obviously surprises economists. One wonders if such a situation will repeat it 2024.

В статье представлен краткий обзор научных статей по проблеме формирования soft skills работников отрасли «Физическая культура и спорт». Автором рассмотрены перечни soft skills, обусловливающие успешность профессиональной деятельности работников отрасли, и эффективные инструменты их формирования в процессе профессионального становления.

В статье автор исследует один из самых спорных моментов Курской битвы, а именно ситуацию с численностью и потерями танков и штурмовых орудий SS-Panzergrenadier-Division «LSSAH» в бою под Прохоровкой 12 июля 1943 года.

This essay will depict one American musician’s journey in the discovery of Komitas’ music and how this led to a deeper discovery of Armenian culture and history writ large, resulting in a visit to Armenia itself. It is intended to honor the greatness of the Armenian spirit and identity, as well as to encourage the following of one’s inspiration and intuition in life.